The Compilation of Islamic Law: Foundations, Structure, and Prospects for Legal Transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v3i03.385Keywords:
compilation of islamic law, presidential instruction, codification of islamic law, legal legislation, religious justiceAbstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the history of the birth of the Compilation of Islamic Law (CIL), analyze its position in the national legal system, and evaluate the opportunities and challenges in changing its status from Presidential Instruction to Law. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework used is the theory of the hierarchy of legal norms based on Law No. 12 of 2011, which explains the level of legal force in the legal system. The fiqh siyasah approach is also used to understand the position of Islamic law in the context of the modern state. Literature review: CIL is a codification of Islamic law that unites the diversity of sects in the practice of religious justice. Although functional has been widely used since 1991, its status as a Presidential Instruction makes its legal force weak. Many parties support the upgrade of its status to have stronger legitimacy. Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data is obtained from relevant legal documents, academic literature, and laws and regulations. The analysis was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner to answer the problems studied. Results: The results show that although CIL is the main reference in religious courts, its status as a Presidential Instruction outside the hierarchy of the law causes legal uncertainty. Therefore, the change in status to a law is considered important to strengthen its legality and effectiveness in the national legal system. Implications: Upgrading the status of CIL to law will strengthen legal certainty, increase democratic legitimacy, and open up space for Islamic law reform that is relevant to the social conditions of Indonesian society. Novelty: This research offers a new approach by emphasizing the importance of juridical and legal politics in strengthening CIL. Different from the previous study, the focus of this study is on the urgency of CIL legislation to strengthen the position of formal Islamic law in Indonesia.
References
N. Bilalu, R. Bukido, S. M. Subeitan, and A. A. Zakariah, “Reevaluating Inheritance Distribution in Indonesia: The Role of Hibah as a Preventive Measure,” Al-Istinbath J. Huk. Islam, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 378–406, 2025, https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i1.12530.
E. Budiono, O. S. Mukhlas, Mustofa, E. Solehudin, and A. H. Ridwan, “Analyzing the Legal Framework of Substitute Heirs in Islamic Inheritance Cases: Dki Jakarta High Religious Courts Perspective,” Syariah J. Huk. dan Pemikir., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 281–299, 2023, https://doi.org/10.18592/SJHP.V23I2.12545.
Lutfi and A. Muallim, “The Application of the Kompilasi Hukum Islam in the Religious Court for the Child Custody and the Execution of Its Verdict,” Millah J. Relig. Stud., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 275–300, 2021, https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol20.iss2.art4.
I. G. A. Aditi, L. Husni, L. M. H. Haq, and L. Sabardi, “Re-examination of the Concept of Justice in the Inheritance System: A Study on Women’s Inheritance in the Traditional Society of Bali in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia,” J. IUS Kaji. Huk. dan Keadilan, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 602–622, 2023, https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i3.1322.
A. Hamid, R. Ritonga, R. A. S. Siregar, A. Akhyar, and S. Nasution, “Legal Ramifications of Unregistered Divorce in the Religious Court within the Mandailing Natal Community,” El-Usrah, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 427–443, 2024, https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.12598.
E. R. Nur, F. Mu’in, and H. Hamsidar, “The Reconstruction of The Livelihood Concept from A Mubadalah Perspective in Lampung Province,” Samarah, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1897–1920, 2023, https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.17613.
N. E. Sofiana and M. I. Sunni, “The Application of Article 53 of CIL (Islamic Law Compilation) Regarding Pregnant Marriage in Lottery Marriage,” J. Ilm. Al-Syir’ah, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 122–135, 2021, https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v19i1.1453.
A. Qohar, M. Zaki, L. Faizal, and H. Y. Rofi’i, “Mut’ah Marriage Law in Perspective of Sayyid Husain Al-Thaba’thabaí and Their Relevance with Family Law in Indonesia,” Al-Istinbath J. Huk. Islam, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 223–240, 2022, https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.3714.
W. Ideham, “Substitute Heirs in the Compilation of Islamic Law: An Overview from Gender Equality Perspective Case Study of the Religious Courts in Banjarmasin,” Samarah, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1046–1064, 2022, https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12466.
A. W. A. Muhaimin, “Implementation Issues with the 1974 Marriage Law and the 1991 Compilation of Islamic Laws,” Ahkam J. Ilmu Syariah, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 11–16, 2012, [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128779538&partnerID=40&md5=3f3e1ecfdbad6cadb7b83a5ad19508e3
F. Rachmadhani, M. M. Sahid, and M. Ichsan, “The Use of Sadd Al-Dharī’Ah in Contemporary Islamic Family Law in Indonesia: Concept and Practice,” Malaysian J. Syariah Law, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 206–215, 2024, https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no1.505.
A. K. Hayatuddin, D. Widiani, and B. E. Rohmah, “Socio-Juridical Analysis on Polygamy Requirements in the Compilation of Islamic Law (CIL),” Al-’Adalah, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 195–222, 2022, https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v19i1.10266.
R. Bukido and F. M. Wantu, “Synchronize the different law rules study of Law No. 16 year 2019 and Law No. 35 year 2014,” J. Leg. Ethical Regul. Issues, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087806732&partnerID=40&md5=fc2c2c586453151667a52f0e4b7d1653
Q. Qothrunnada, A. S. Q. Maghfur, and L. Kushidayati, “Examining Justice! The Double Burden of Women in Indonesia from the Perspective of The Compilation of Islamic Law,” Al-Ahkam J. Ilmu Syari’ah dan Huk., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 61–74, 2024, https://doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v9i1.9680.
Isroqunnajah, A. I. Hawabi, and U. Khoirot, “Legal Capacity and Legal Authority of Adult Age in Indonesia: Medical, Psychological and Islamic Law Perspectives,” Samarah, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 105–125, 2024, https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.19834.
A. Asman, K. Kurniati, and M. Marilang, “Existence of Marriage Agreements in Islam Development Studies in the Community of Malay Border Indonesia-Malaysia,” J. Ilm. Al-Syir’ah, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 16–29, 2021, https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v19i1.1256.
G. L. Indra, M. Y. Al Arif, and A. Q. Zaelani, “The Ideal Age for Marriage in The Compilation of Islamic Law (CIL) and Psychology,” Al-’Adalah, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2023, https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.11598.
S. Y. L. Tumangkeng and J. B. Maramis, “Kajian Pendekatan Fenomenologi : Literature Review,” J. Pembang. Ekon. Dan Keuang. Drh., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 14–32, 2022, https://doi.org/10.35794/jpekd.41379.23.1.2022.
H. Zukriadi, Sulaiman, U., “Aneka Macam Penelitian,” SAMBARA J. Pengabdi. Kpd. Masy., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 36–46, 2023, https://doi.org/10.58540/sambarapkm.v1i1.157.
D. Susanto, Risnita, and M. S. Jailani, “Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data Dalam Penelitian Ilmiah,” J. QOSIM J. Pendidikan, Sos. Hum., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 53–61, 2023, https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v1i1.60.
S. Musafaah, H. Syafaq, and N. L. Musyafa’ah, “Hazairin’s Interpretation of Inheritance Verses in the Qur’an and Its Influence on the Compilation of Islamic Law,” J. Indones. Islam, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 147–168, 2023, https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2023.17.1.147-168.
N. Saniah, N. Yuslem, and H. Matsum, “Analysis of Maqâshid Sharî’a on Substitute Heir in Compilation of Islamic Law (CIL),” Al-’Adalah, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 35–60, 2023, https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16062.
M. Djawas, K. Hasballah, S. Devi, M. A. Kadir, and Y. Abda, “The Construction of Islamic Inheritance Law: A Comparative Study of the Islamic Jurisprudence and the Compilation of Islamic Law,” Juris J. Ilm. Syariah, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 207–219, 2022, https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.7495.
Khairina, Khairani, R. Efendi, Kasmuri, and O. Afrianto, “Reforming the Rules on the Division of Joint Property: A Progressive Legal Approach,” Juris J. Ilm. Syariah, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 191–202, 2024, https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.11565.
D. Farid, M. H. Abdulah Pakarti, Hendriana, and I. Fathiah, “Interfaith Marriage: Subjectivity of the Judge in Determination of No. 454/pdt.p/2018 Surakarta District Court,” Al-Istinbath J. Huk. Islam, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 347–362, 2022, https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i2.4574.
Efrinaldi, Jayusman, Fatimah, Rimanto, and M. Yarmunida, “Revealing the Enforcement of Mbasuh Dusun Tradition for Pregnant Women Outside of Marriage in Indonesia,” Al-Istinbath J. Huk. Islam, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 617–644, 2023, https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.8437.
R. R. Lubis, Asmuni, T. Mukarrom, C. B. Seroza, and M. Irfan, “Reconstruction of Obligatory Bequest in the Perspective of the Objectives of Islamic Law: Contextualizing Islamic Law in a Case Study of The Secret Wife in Polygamous Marriage,” J. Ilm. Mizani, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 64–85, 2025, https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i1.3809.
M. Djawas, N. Eriyanti, A. Yulia, and F. Fauzan, “The Alimony Obligation of a Civil Servant and Non-Civil Servant Father towards Children Post-Divorce (The Study on Aceh Syar’iyyah Court Decision Study of 2019),” El-Usrah, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 91–113, 2023, https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i1.9493.
Afridawati, “History, Typology, And Implementation Of Islamic Law In Indonesia: Combination of Sharia and Fiqh or the Result of Historical Evolution?” Al-Risalah Forum Kaji. Huk. Dan Sos. Kemasyarakatan, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 33–47, 2021, https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v21i1.676.
S. Musawwamah, “The implementation of perma number 3 of 2017 concerning the guidelines for dealing with women’s cases on laws as an effort of women empowerment in the judiciary in Madura,” Al-Ihkam J. Huk. dan Pranata Sos., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 67–92, 2020, https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i1.2883.
S. Amirulkamar, Iskandar, F. Zuhrah, and M. Anzaikhan, “Administration Reagent of Aceh Family Law Qanun: Siri Marriage Motives Towards the Legality of Polygyny,” Jure J. Huk. dan Syar’iah, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 129–143, 2023, https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i1.21352.
Maimun, A. H. Nawawi, and A. H. Syawqi, “The development of fiqh munaka? Ah (marriage jurisprudence) material course in Madurese Islamic universities and its relation with gender equality and divorce prevention,” Al-Ihkam J. Huk. dan Pranata Sos., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 280–300, 2020, https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.2734.
H. Pongoliu, “Pembagian Harta Waris Dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Muslim Di Gorontalo,” Al-Manahij J. Kaji. Huk. Islam, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 187–202, 2019, https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v13i2.3166.
Z. A. H. Munir, L. M. N. Wathoni, L. S. Bin Mujib, and H. Dahri, “Tahlil Marriage Among the Sasak Tribe of Lombok Based on Maqâshid al-Sharî’a Perspective and Its Relevance to Compilation of Islamic Law,” Al-’Adalah, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 419–440, 2022, https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14495.
A. Islamy, “Eksistensi Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia dalam Kontestasi Politik Hukum dan Liberalisme Pemikiran Islam,” Al-Istinbath J. Huk. Islam, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 161–176, 2019, https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v4i2.1059.
M. Asmara, “Concept of Wali Mujbir in Marriage (Legal Criticism of Counter Legal Draft Compilation of Islamic Law),” J. Ilm. Mizani, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 237–252, 2021, https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v8i2.2798.
A. Zainuri, A. Muslimin, and A. Mukhlishin, “Problems of Sirri Marriage and Prisoners: A Case Study in Sukadana, East Lampung, Indonesia,” El-Usrah, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 335–347, 2023, https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.17487.
Yuliatin, “Judges' Considerations in Canceling Polygamous Marriages in Religious Courts,” Al-Risalah Forum Kaji. Huk. Dan Sos. Kemasyarakatan, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 179–187, 2022, https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v22i2.1244.
K. Hasballah, R. Nurdin, M. Zainuddin, and M. Fahmi, “Patah Titi and Substitute Heirs: A Study of Legal Pluralism on the Inheritance System in Aceh Community,” Ahkam J. Ilmu Syariah, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 299–324, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126730475&partnerID=40&md5=1b00a604f3cdd4aa4b76cdb2f22ec9a2
Z. Arifin and Z. Mahmudi, “Mandatory Wills for Adultery Children, Analysis of the Compilation of Islamic Law from the Perspective of Maqasid Syariah Al-Syatibi,” Int. J. Law Soc., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 36–47, 2022, https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v1i1.4.
N. Bilalu, R. Jamal, N. Harun, and S. M. Subeitan, “Compilation of Islamic Law as Judge’s Consideration at a Religious Court in North Sulawesi, Indonesia,” Samarah, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 514–536, 2022, https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12441.
